Atlas / Organisations / Chilean Polarisation
Chilean Polarisation
Apruebo Dignidad / Republicanos · 2019– · Chile · Contested · Electoral party · coding confidence low
Each axis runs from −10 to +10, with zero a genuine mixed or balanced position rather than an absence of opinion. A score describes a stated position and a governing record; it is not a judgement of merit. What each score means →
Core principles
A social explosion in 2019 produced two constitutional drafts, one from the left and one from the right, and voters rejected both.
Economic model
Pension and tax reform contested continuously; copper nationalisation debated; the Pinochet-era private pension system substantially retained.
Organisation of powers
Two elected constitutional conventions and two referendums in four years, all conducted lawfully and all rejected.
Reading note
Coded as a system average at low confidence. Included because it is the clearest recent demonstration that a polity can be sharply polarised and entirely constitutional.
Check a claim about Chilean Polarisation. The interactive atlas measures the distance between any two organisations across all six axes and shows which ones carry the disagreement.
Open in the atlasThe evidence for every score
All six cells are sourced. A rationale explains what the score is measuring and each artefact is something a third party can check without taking anyone's word for it.
EC · Economic organisation · scored +01
Coded +1: the private pension system substantially retained through successive reform attempts.
- Documented act or statuteThe 2025 pension reform added a collective component while retaining individual accounts.
CU · Social and cultural order · scored 00
Coded at zero: a system average across two sharply opposed poles.
- Documented act or statuteAbortion on three grounds was legalised in 2017; the 2022 draft would have gone further and was rejected.
AU · Organisation of power · scored −04
Coded −4 with low confidence: two constitutional processes, both rejected, both accepted.
- Documented act or statuteA convention elected in 2021 produced a draft rejected by 62% in 2022; a second body produced a draft rejected by 55% in 2023.
SC · Scale of decision · scored +02
Coded +2: a highly centralised state with elected regional governors since 2021.
- Documented act or statuteRegional governors were directly elected for the first time in 2021.
ID · Rule of membership · scored +02
Coded +2: civic citizenship with migration restriction rising across the spectrum.
- Documented act or statuteBoth blocs campaigned on tightening the northern border in 2023–25.
CH · Method and tempo · scored −04
Coded −4: two constitutional processes, both conducted lawfully and both rejected.
- Documented act or statuteNeither rejection produced any extra-constitutional action by either side.
Nearest organisations by measured distance
Straight-line separation across all six axes, out of a maximum of 49.0. Proximity means similarity of stated position, not endorsement and not resemblance in outcome.
- Fianna Fáil4.4
- Islamic Modernism4.4
- Mongolian Democracy4.4
- Komeito4.9
- Mauritian Democracy5.0
- Cape Verdean Democracy5.1
Countries
Cite this page
Scores are revised on evidence, so a citation should carry the version it refers to. Version 4.3.1 is current; the revision log records every change.
Free to quote and reproduce with attribution. This is a synthesis rather than a peer-reviewed dataset — where an authoritative figure is needed, cite the Chapel Hill Expert Survey, the Manifesto Project or V-Dem.